# coding=utf-8
"""
此文件为selenium常用方法二次封装文件
"""
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains # 处理鼠标事件
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select # 用于处理下拉框
from selenium.common.exceptions import * # 用于处理异常
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait # 用于处理元素等待
from PIL import Image, ImageEnhance
import pytesseract, re
import time
from urllib.parse import urlparse
import sys
class BrowserHelper(object):
"""
selenium框架的主要类
"""
original_window = None
def __init__(self, browser='chrome'):
"""
运行初始化方法默认chrome，当然，你也可以传入一个其他浏览器名称，
"""
if browser == "firefox" or browser == "ff":
self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
elif browser == "chrome":
options = Options();
options.add_argument("--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled");
options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"]);
options.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False);
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
elif browser == "internet explorer" or browser == "ie":
self.driver = webdriver.Ie()
elif browser == "opera":
self.driver = webdriver.Opera()
elif browser == "chrome_headless":
options = Options();
options.add_argument('--headless');
options.add_argument("--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled");
options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"]);
options.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False);
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
elif browser == 'edge':
self.driver = webdriver.Edge()
else:
raise NameError(
"找不到 %s 浏览器,你应该从这里面选取一个 'ie', 'ff', 'opera', 'edge', 'chrome' or 'chrome_headless'." % browser)
def open(self, url, title='', timeout=10):
u"""打开浏览器，并最大化，判断title是否为预期"""
self.driver.get(url)
self.driver.maximize_window()
try:
WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, 1).until(EC.title_contains(title))
except TimeoutException:
print("open %s title error" % url)
except Exception as msg:
print("Error:%s" % msg)
def find_element(self, locator, timeout=10):
u"""定位元素，参数locator为原则"""
try:
element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located(locator))
return element
except:
print("%s 页面未找到元素 %s" % (self, locator))
def find_elements(self, locator, timeout=10):
u"""定位一组元素"""
elements = WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, 1).until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located(locator))
return elements
def element_wait(self, by, value, secs=5):
"""
等待元素显示
"""
try:
if by == "id":
WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, value)))
elif by == "name":
WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME, value)))
elif by == "class":
WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, value)))
elif by == "link_text":
WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.LINK_TEXT, value)))
elif by == "xpath":
WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, value)))
elif by == "css":
WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, value)))
else:
raise NoSuchElementException(
"找不到元素，请检查语法或元素")
except TimeoutException:
print("查找元素超时请检查元素")
def get_element(self, css):
"""
判断元素定位方式，并返回元素
"""
if "=>" not in css:
by = "css" # 如果是css的格式是#aaa,所以在此加入判断如果不包含=>就默认是css传给上面的element_wait判断元素是否存在
value = css
# wait element.
self.element_wait(by, css)
else:
by = css.split("=>")[0]
value = css.split("=>")[1]
if by == "" or value == "":
raise NameError(
"语法错误，参考: 'id=>kw 或 xpath=>//*[@id='kw'].")
self.element_wait(by, value)
if by == "id":
element = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, value)
elif by == "name":
element = self.driver.find_element(By.NAME, value)
elif by == "class":
element = self.driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, value)
elif by == "link_text":
element = self.driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, value)
elif by == "xpath":
element = self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, value) # 如果是xpath要以此格式传入xpath=>//*[@id='su']
elif by == "css":
element = self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, value)
else:
raise NameError(
"Please enter the correct targeting elements,'id','name','class','link_text','xpath','css'.")
return element
def get_elements(self, css):
"""
判断元素定位方式，并返回元素
"""
if "=>" not in css:
by = "css" # 如果是css的格式是#aaa,所以在此加入判断如果不包含=>就默认是css传给上面的element_wait判断元素是否存在
value = css
# wait element.
self.element_wait(by, css)
else:
by = css.split("=>")[0]
value = css.split("=>")[1]
if by == "" or value == "":
raise NameError(
"语法错误，参考: 'id=>kw 或 xpath=>//*[@id='kw'].")
self.element_wait(by, value)
if by == "id":
element = self.driver.find_elements(By.ID, value)
elif by == "name":
element = self.driver.find_elements(By.NAME, value)
elif by == "class":
element = self.driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, value)
elif by == "link_text":
element = self.driver.find_elements(By.LINK_TEXT, value)
elif by == "xpath":
element = self.driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, value) # 如果是xpath要以此格式传入xpath=>//*[@id='su']
elif by == "css":
element = self.driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, value)
else:
raise NameError(
"Please enter the correct targeting elements,'id','name','class','link_text','xpath','css'.")
return element
def click(self, locator):
u"""封装点击操作"""
element = self.find_element(locator)
element.click()
def send_key(self, locator, text):
u"""发送文本后清除内容"""
element = self.find_element(locator)
element.clear()
element.send_keys(text)
def is_text_in_element(self, text, locator, timeout=10):
u"""判断是否定位到元素"""
try:
result = WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, 1).until(EC.text_to_be_present_in_element(locator, text))
except TimeoutException:
print
u"元素未定位到:" + str(locator)
return False
else:
return result
def is_title(self, title, timeout=10):
u"""判断title完全相等"""
result = WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, 1).until(EC.title_is(title))
return result
def is_title_contains(self, title, timeout=10):
u"""判断是否包含title"""
result = WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, 1).until(EC.title_contains(title))
return result
def is_select(self, locator, timeout=10):
u"""判断元素是否被选中"""
result = WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, 1).until(EC.element_located_to_be_selected(locator))
return result
def is_select_be(self, locator, timeout=10, selected=True):
u"""判断元素的状态"""
return WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, 1).until(EC.element_located_selection_state_to_be(locator, selected))
def is_alert_present(self, timeout=10):
u"""判断页面有无alert弹出框，有alert返回alert，无alert返回FALSE"""
try:
return WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, 1).until(EC.alert_is_present())
except:
print
"No Alert Present"
def is_visibility(self, locator, timeout=10):
u"""判断元素是否可见，可见返回本身，不可见返回FALSE"""
return WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, 1).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(locator))
def is_invisibility(self, locator, timeout=10):
u"""判断元素是否可见，不可见，未找到元素返回True"""
return WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, 1).until(EC.invisibility_of_element_located(locator))
def is_clickable(self, locator, timeout=10):
u"""判断元素是否可以点击，可以点击返回本身，不可点击返回FALSE"""
return WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, 1).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable(locator))
def is_located(self, locator, timeout=10):
u"""判断元素是否定位到（元素不一定是可见），如果定位到返回Element，未定位到返回FALSE"""
return WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located(locator))
def move_is_element(self, locator):
u"""鼠标悬停操作"""
element = self.find_element(locator)
ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(element).perform()
def back(self):
u"""返回到旧的窗口"""
self.driver.back()
def forward(self):
u"""前进到新窗口"""
self.driver.forward()
def close(self):
u"""关闭窗口"""
self.driver.close()
def quit(self):
u"""关闭driver和所有窗口"""
self.driver.quit()
def get_title(self):
u"""获取当前窗口的title"""
return self.driver.title
def get_netloc(self):
u"""获取当前窗口的title"""
res = urlparse(self.driver.current_url)
return res.scheme + "://" + res.netloc
def is_netloc(self,url: str) -> bool:
res = urlparse(url)
if res.netloc == "":
return True
return False
def get_current_url(self):
u"""获取当前页面url"""
return self.driver.current_url
def get_text(self, locator):
u"""获取文本内容"""
return self.find_element(locator).text
def get_browser_log_level(self):
u"""获取浏览器错误日志级别"""
lists = self.driver.get_log('browser')
list_value = []
if lists.__len__() != 0:
for dicts in lists:
for key, value in dicts.items():
list_value.append(value)
if 'SEVERE' in list_value:
return "SEVERE"
elif 'WARNING' in list_value:
return "WARNING"
return "SUCCESS"
def get_attribute(self, locator, name):
u"""获取属性"""
return self.find_element(locator).get_attribute(name)
def js_execute(self, js):
u"""执行js"""
return self.driver.execute_script(js)
def js_fours_element(self, locator):
u"""聚焦元素"""
element = self.find_element(locator)
self.driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", element)
def js_scroll_top(self):
u"""滑动到页面顶部"""
js = "window.scrollTo(0,0)"
self.driver.execute_script(js)
def js_scroll_end(self):
u"""滑动到页面底部"""
js = "window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)"
self.driver.execute_script(js)
def select_by_index(self, locator, index):
u"""通过所有index，0开始,定位元素"""
element = self.find_element(locator)
Select(element).select_by_index(index)
def select_by_value(self, locator, value):
u"""通过value定位元素"""
element = self.find_element(locator)
Select(element).select_by_value(value)
def select_by_text(self, locator, text):
u"""通过text定位元素"""
element = self.find_element(locator)
Select(element).select_by_visible_text(text)
def F5(self):
"""
刷新当前页面.
用法:
driver.F5()
"""
self.driver.refresh()
def open_new_window(self, css):
"""
打开新窗口并切换到新打开的窗口.
用法:
传入一个点击后会跳转的元素
driver.open_new_window("link_text=>注册")
"""
original_window = self.driver.current_window_handle
el = self.get_element(css)
el.click()
all_handles = self.driver.window_handles
for handle in all_handles:
if handle != original_window:
self.driver.switch_to.window(handle)
def get_verify_code(self, locator):
u"""获取图片验证码"""
# 验证码图片保存地址
screenImg = "D:/image/verifyCode.png"
# 浏览器页面截图
self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(screenImg)
# 定位验证码大小
location = self.find_element(locator).location
size = self.find_element(locator).size
left = location['x']
top = location['y']
right = location['x'] + size['width']
bottom = location['y'] + size['height']
# 从文件读取截图，截取验证码位置再次保存
img = Image.open(screenImg).crop((left, top, right, bottom))
img.convert('L') # 转换模式：L|RGB
img = ImageEnhance.Contrast(img) # 增加对比度
img = img.enhance(2.0) # 增加饱和度
img.save(screenImg)
# 再次读取验证码
img = Image.open(screenImg)
time.sleep(1)
code = pytesseract.image_to_string(img)
return code
def open_tab(self):
u"""打开新选项卡并切换到新选项卡"""
self.driver.switch_to.new_window('tab')
def open_window(self):
u"""打开一个新窗口并切换到新窗口"""
self.driver.switch_to.new_window('window')
def switch_tab_or_window(self,original_window:any):
u"""切换回旧选项卡或窗口"""
self.driver.switch_to.window(original_window)
if __name__ == '__main__':
driver = BrowserHelper("chrome");
# 检查是否处理反爬
driver.open("https://bot.sannysoft.com/");反爬结果：
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